Bismillah ir-Rahman ir-Rahim

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Namaz (Salaah)

Islam ka sab se ahem rukn hai. Ye Islam aur kufr ke darmiyan farq hai. Namaz har Musalman, mard ya aurat, par farz hai jo baligh ho chuka ho aur aqal-o-hosh rakhta ho. Quran Majeed mei bohot si ayaat hain jo Musalmanon ko pabandi se namaz ada karne ka hukm deti hain. Allah Ta’ala farmata hai:

حَـٰفِظُوا۟ عَلَى ٱلصَّلَوَٰتِ وَٱلصَّلَوٰةِ ٱلْوُسْطَىٰ وَقُومُوا۟ لِلَّهِ قَـٰنِتِينَ
Namazon ki pabandi karo, khaaskar beech wali namaz (Asr), aur Allah ke samne tameez se khade ho jao.
(Surah Al-Baqarah: 238)

Observe the five obligatory prayers, especially the middle prayer, and stand in true devotion to Allah.

اِنَّ الصَّلٰوةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ كِتٰبًا مَّوْقُوْتًا
Beshak namaz momino par muqarrar waqton mei farz hai.
(Surah An-Nisa: 103)

Rasoolullah ﷺ baar baar apni ummat ko namaz ki ahmiyat yaad dilate hai aur issey ghaflat baratne ke anjaam se mutanabbeh farmate.

Ek hadees mei Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne apne Sahaba se farmaya:
Agar tum mein se kisi ke ghar ke samne ek nadi ho aur wo din mei paanch martaba usme ghusl kare, to kya uske badan par koi gandagi bachi rahegi?
Sahaba ne jawab diya: Nahi, koi gandagi nahi bachegi.
Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya: Ye misaal paanch waqt ki namazon ki hai, jinse Allah Ta’ala gunaahon ko dho deta hai.
(Bukhari aur Muslim)

Ek aur hadees mei Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya:
Momin aur kafir ke darmiyan farq namaz chor dena hai.
(Sahih Muslim)

Ek aur riwayat mei aata hai:
Qayamat ke din sabse pehle jis cheez ka hisaab liya jayega wo namaz hogi.
(Abu Dawood aur Tirmidhi)

Hadees se yeh bhi maloom hota hai ke Rasoolullah ﷺ ne namaz chhorhne ko kufr ki tareeqat qarar diya. Aap ﷺ ne farmaya: Jo namaz nahi padhta uska Islam mei koi hissa nahi.

Aap ﷺ ne yeh bhi farmaya:
Jo shakhs namaz ko theek tareeke se aur pabandi se ada karega, to ye uske liye Qayamat ke din noor, daleel aur nijaat ka zariya banegi. Lekin jo is mein ghaflat bartega, uske liye na to ye noor hogi, na daleel, na nijaat ka zariya, aur uska anjaam Qarun, Fir’aun, Haman aur Ubai bin Khalaf ke saath hoga.

Quran Majeed mei namaz chhorhne walon ki zaleel-o-khwar hone ki nishaniyon ka zikr aaya hai:
Jis din tangi ka samaan khul diya jayega aur logon ko sajde ke liye bulaya jayega, magar wo sajda nahi kar sakenge. Unki aankhen neeche jhuki hongi, zillat un par chhaayi hogi. Pehle bhi jab unhein sajde ke liye bulaya jata tha, jabke wo tandurust the, to unhone inkaar kar diya tha.
(Surah Al-Qalam: 42)

Is ayat ke mutabiq Qayamat ke din tamam logon ko Allah Ta’ala ke samne sajda karne ka hukm diya jayega. Jo duniya mei namaz ke paband rahe honge, wo asani se sajda kar lenge. Magar jo log tandurust aur taqatwar hote hue bhi namaz nahi padte the, unki kamar aise sakht ho jayegi ke wo sajda nahi kar sakenge, aur kafiron ke saath khade rahenge. Ye namaz chhorhne walon ki badnaseebi aur zaleel hone ki sab se badi misaal hai! Allah Ta’ala humein is zaleel-o-khwar anjaam se mahfooz rakhe. Ameen!

Sajdah Sahw (Sajdah for Rectification)

Agar kisi ki namaz mei koi kami reh jaye, toh usko dur karne ke liye sajdah sahw kiya ja sakta hai. Ye tashahhud ki tilawat ke baad, aakhri rak’at mei ada kiya jata hai. Pehle dahini taraf ek baar salam phir do sajde kiye jate hain. Uske baad namaz ko aam tareeke se mukammal kiya jata hai (tashahhud ki tilawat se aage tak).

Sajdah Sahw zaroori hota hai jab:

1. Koi fardh amal ghalti se pehle, der ya dohraya jaye.

2. Koi wajib amal ghalti se pehle, der ya dohraya jaye.

3. Koi wajib amal ghalti se chhod diya jaye.

4. Rak’aat ki tadaad bhool jaye aur ghalti se zyada rak’aat ada ho jayein.

Agar upar diye gaye kisi bhi amal ko jaan bujh kar kiya jaye, ya fardh amal ghalti se chhorh diya jaye, ya koi rak’at chhorh di jaye, ya sajdah sahw zaroori ho magar na kiya jaye (bhool se ya jaan bujh kar), toh aise tamam surat-e-haal mei namaz dobara ada karni hogi.

(Yeh aam hidayaat hain jo mukhtasar taur par bayan ki gayi hain. Har shakhs ka masla mukhtalif ho sakta hai, is liye kisi bhi ghalti ya kami ki surat mei apne maqami ulama se raabta karein, taake Islam ke is ahem rukn ko durust tareeke se ada kiya ja sake.)

Hazrat Abdullah bin Buhaina (RA) se riwayat hai:

Allah ke Rasool (ﷺ) ne ek martaba humein namaz padayi. Aap (ﷺ) ne do rak’at ada ki aur (dusri rak’at ke baad tashahhud ke liye na baith kar) seedha teesri rak’at ke liye uth gaye. Log bhi aap (ﷺ) ke saath uth gaye. Jab aap (ﷺ) namaz mukammal karne ke qareeb pohonche, toh humne intizaar kiya ke aap (ﷺ) taslim (salaam) ke saath namaz khatam karenge. Magar aap (ﷺ) ne taslim se pehle takbeer kahi aur do sajde kiye (sajdah sahw) baith kar, phir taslim ke saath namaz mukammal ki.

Hazrat Abdullah bin Buhaina (RA) se riwayat hai:

Allah ke Rasool (ﷺ) ne Zuhr ki namaz mein dusri rak’at ke baad (tashahhud ke liye na baith kar) seedha teesri rak’at ke liye uth gaye. Jab aap (ﷺ) ne namaz mukammal kar li, toh do sajdah sahw kiye aur phir taslim (salaam) ke saath namaz khatam ki.

Hazrat Abdullah (RA) se riwayat hai:

Ek dafa Allah ke Rasool (ﷺ) ne Zuhr ki namaz mein paanch rak’at ada kar li. Kisi ne aap (ﷺ) se pucha, "Kya namaz mein koi izafa (ziyadati) ho gaya hai?"

Allah ke Rasool (ﷺ) ne farmaya, Kya baat hai?"

Us shakhs ne arz ki, Aap ne paanch rak’at padhi hain.

Tab Allah ke Rasool (ﷺ) ne taslim (salaam) ke baad do sajdah sahw kiye.

Hazrat Abu Huraira (RA) se riwayat hai:

Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ne humein Asr ya Zuhr ki namaz padayi aur taslim (salaam) ke saath namaz mukammal kar di.

Tab Zul-Yadain ne arz ki, Ya RasoolAllah (ﷺ)! Kya namaz kam kar di gayi hai?

Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ne apne sahaba se iska tasdeeq karne ko kaha. Jab ye baat saabit ho gayi, toh Allah ke Rasool (ﷺ) ne do aur rak’at ada ki, phir do sajdah sahw kiye.

Hazrat Sa’d (RA) ne farmaya:

Maine dekha ke Urwah bin Zubair (RA) ne Maghrib ki sirf do rak’at padhi aur taslim kar diya. Phir baat cheet karne lage. Jab unhein is baat ka ehsaas dilaya gaya, toh unhone apni namaz mukammal ki aur do sajdah sahw kiye, aur kaha, ‘Nabi (ﷺ) ne bhi aise hi namaz padhi thi.

Hazrat Abu Huraira (RA) se riwayat hai:

Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ne shaam ki namazon me se ek namaz (sub-narrator Muhammad ne kaha, "Mujhe lagta hai ke yeh zyada mumkin hai ke Asr ki namaz thi) padhi aur sirf do rak’at ke baad namaz mukammal ki. Phir aap (ﷺ) masjid ke samne ek lakdi ke tukde ke paas khade ho gaye aur apna haath us par rakh diya. Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) aur Hazrat Umar (RA) bhi un logon mein se the jo wahan mojood thay, lekin unhone izzat ke sabab se unse is bare mein kuch nahi kaha. Aur jo log jaldi thi, wo nikal gaye. Unhone kaha, "Kya namaz kam ki gayi hai?

Ek aadmi jo Dhul-Yadain ke naam se jaana jata tha, unhone Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) se kaha, Kya namaz kam ho gayi hai ya aap bhool gaye hain?

Aap (ﷺ) ne jawab diya, Na toh mein bhool gaya hoon, aur na hi namaz kam ki gayi hai.

Dhul-Yadain ne kaha, Aap ne yaqeenan bhool liya hai.

Phir Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ne do aur rak’at padhi aur taslim (salaam) ki, phir takbeer kaha aur sajdah sahw kiya, jo unka aam sajdah tha ya thoda lamba tha. Phir aap (ﷺ) ne apna sir uthaya, takbeer kaha, phir apna sir neeche kiya aur sajdah kiya jo unka aam sajdah tha ya thoda lamba tha. Phir aap (ﷺ) ne apna sir uthaya aur takbeer kaha.

Hazrat Abdullah bin Buhaina Al-Asdi (RA) se riwayat hai:

Allah ke Rasool (ﷺ) ne Zuhr ki namaz ke liye khud ko khada kiya, aur unhe (dusri rak’at ke baad) baithna chahiye tha (lekin aap (ﷺ) ne tashahhud ke liye na baith kar, seedha teesri rak’at ke liye uth gaye). Jab aap (ﷺ) ne namaz mukammal ki, toh aap (ﷺ) ne do sajdah sahw kiye aur har sajdah par takbeer kaha, baith kar, aur phir namaz ko taslim (salaam) ke saath khatam kiya. Log bhi aap (ﷺ) ke saath do sajdah sahw karne lage, jo baithna aap (ﷺ) bhool gaye the.

Hazrat Abu Huraira (RA) se riwayat hai:

Allah ke Rasool (ﷺ) ne farmaya: Jab azan di jati hai, shaytan apne pichlay paon se bhag jata hai aur pichhla hawaa chhorkar is liye bhagta hai ke taake wo azan na sun sake. Aur jab azan khatam ho jati hai, wo wapis aata hai. Aur jab iqama ki awaaz hoti hai, to shaytan phir se bhag jata hai, aur jab iqama khatam hoti hai to wo wapis aata hai aur namazi ke zehan mein dakhal dene ki koshish karta hai. Wo kehne lagta hai, 'Yeh yaad karo, woh yaad karo' (jo cheezain namaz se pehle yaad nahi aayi thi), taake namazi yeh bhool jaye ke usne kitni rak’at padhi hain. Agar koi insaan yeh nahi yaad karta ke usne teen ya chaar rak’at padhi hain, to wo do sajdah sahw kare, baith kar.

Narrated `Aisha the wife of the Prophet

Nabi (ﷺ) apni beemari ke doran apne ghar mein baith kar namaz parh rahe the, jabke kuch log unke peeche khade ho kar namaz parh rahe the. Nabi (ﷺ) ne unko ishaara kiya ke wo baith jayein. Jab namaz mukammal hui, toh aap (ﷺ) ne farmaya, "Imam ka peecha kiya jata hai. Jab wo ruku karein, toh aap bhi ruku karein, aur jab wo apna sar uthayein, toh aap bhi apna sar uthayein.

Explanation

Agar namaz parhne wale ne jaan bhoojh kar extra standing, sitting, bowing, ya prostration add ki ho, to uski namaz nazar ho jati hai. Lekin agar ye bhool kar kiya ho aur namaz complete hone tak usko yaad na aaye, to us par kuch nahi hota siwaye Sujood-Sahw ke. Is case mei, uski namaz bilkul theek hoti hai. Agar usko yaad aa jaata hai jab wo addition kar raha hota hai, to us par farz hai ke wo us addition ko chhod de aur Sujood-Sahw (namaz ke aakhir mein) kare. Uski namaz phir theek ho jaati hai.

Ek misaal ye ho sakti hai ke agar koi shakhs Zuhr prayer paanch rak'ah parh le, aur usko is baat ka ehsaas Tashahhud mein hotay waqt ho, to usko Tashahhud poora karna hai, phir Salam dena hai, aur phir Sujood-Sahw (bhool ke liye prostration) karna hai, aur phir Salam dena hai. Agar wo addition ko Salam dene ke baad yaad karta hai, to usko phir bhi Sujood-Sahw karna hoga aur Salam dena hoga.

Iski daleel hai hadees 'Abdullaah ibn Mas'ood ki, jo kehte hain ke "Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne Zuhr ki namaz paanch rak'ah parhi thi, to kisi ne kaha, Kya namaz mei zyada ho gaya hai?' To Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne kaha, 'Yeh kya baat hai?' Unhone kaha, 'Aap ne paanch rak'ah parhi hai.' To Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne Salam dene ke baad do sajde kiye… Aur ek riwayat mei yeh bhi hai,  phir unhone apne paon mod diye aur Qiblah ki taraf rukh kiya, aur do sajde kiye, phir Salam diya." Yeh riwayat tamam jamaat se manqool hai.

GIVING SALUTATIONS (Salaam) BEFORE COMPLETION OF THE PRAYER

Namaz k muqamal hone se pehle Salaam dena namaz meii izafa (addition) ka case hai. To jo shakhs jaan bhoojh kar namaz poori hone se pehle Salaam dega, uski namaz batil ho jayegi. Agar yeh bhool kar kiya ho, aur usko is baat ka ehsaas kaafi der baad ho, to usay apni namaz dobara parhni hogi. Agar usko thodi der baad yaad aaye, jaise ke do ya teen minute baad, to usko apni namaz aur Salaam poora karna hoga, phir Sujood-Sahw karna hoga, aur phir Salaam dena hoga.

Iski daleel hai hadees Aboo Hurairah (رضي الله عنه) ki, jo kehte hain ke "Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne unhe Zuhr ki namaz ya 'Asr ki namaz parhai aur do rak'ah ke baad Salaam de diya. Phir wo jaldi se masjid ke ek darwaze se nikal gaye, aur log keh rahe the ke namaz kam ho gayi hai. Rasool Allah (ﷺ) is dauran masjid mei ek lakdi ke tukde ke paas khade ho gaye, jaise wo gussa ho. To ek aadmi khada ho kar bola, 'Ya Rasool Allah (ﷺ), kya aap bhool gaye hain ya namaz kam ho gayi hai? To Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne jawab diya, Na toh mein bhool gaya hoon, na hi namaz kam hui hai. To us aadmi ne kaha, Nahi, aap sach mein bhool gaye ho. To Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne apne sahaba se kaha, Kya jo wo keh raha hai, woh sach hai?' Unhone kaha, Haan. Phir Rasool Allah (ﷺ) aage badhe aur jo baaki namaz thi woh padhi, phir Salaam diya, phir do sajde kiye, phir Salaam diya.Ye hadees Bukhari aur Muslim mei hai.

Agar Imaam namaz poori hone se pehle Salaam de de, aur kuch followers aise hon jo apni namaz ka hissa chhorh chuke hain aur ab wo khade ho kar apni chhuti hui namaz ko poora kar rahe hain, aur phir Imaam ko yaad aata hai ke namaz meii kuch incomplete tha jo usay poora karna tha, to wo khady hota hai apni namaz ko poora karne ke liye. Is surat mei, jo followers apni namaz poori kar rahe hain, unke paas do options hain:

1. Wo apni chhuti hui namaz ko poora karte rahe aur phir sajda-e-sahw karein.

2. Wo Imaam ke peeche wapas chal kar namaz mei Imaam ka peecha karte hue apni namaz poori karein, aur jab Imaam Salaam de de to phir sajda-e-sahw karein.

Dusra option zyada sahi aur behtar hai, kyunki ye zyada ehtiyaat (prudent) hai aur namaz ke usoolon ke mutabiq hai.

Ghair Zaroori (Naqs) 

Agar kisi shakhs ne apni namaz mei kisi Rukn (pillar) ko chhupa diya ho, toh agar wo initial Takbeer (Takbeeratul-Ihraam) mei ho, toh uski namaz nahi hoti chahe usne jaan boojh kar ki ho ya bhool kar, kyunki uski namaz ka irtibaad (establishment) nahi hua hota. Agar wo Rukn kisi aur waqt chhupaya ho, toh agar wo jaan boojh kar ho, toh namaz batal jaati hai. Agar wo bhool kar ho, toh agar wo agle rak’ah mei us Rukn tak pohanch jata hai, toh us rak’ah ko chhupake, doosra rak’ah uski jagah le lega. Agar wo agle rak’ah mei uss Rukn tak nahi pohanchta, toh us par farz hai ke wo us missed Rukn par wapas jaaye aur wo uss Rukn ko uske baad wale sab rak’aat ke sath perform kare. In dono surat mei us par sajda-e-sahw farz hoga namaz ke salam ke baad.

Misal:
Agar kisi shakhs ne apni pehli rak’ah mei doosra sajda bhool diya, lekin dusri rak’ah ke beech mei baithne ke dauran yaad aata hai, toh usay apni pehli rak’ah ko chhupana hoga aur doosri rak’ah uski jagah lelegi. Phir wo namaz ko uske baad ke rak’aat ke sath complete karega. Phir salam dega, sajda-e-sahw karega aur phir salam dega.

Doosri Misal:
Agar kisi shakhs ne pehli rak’ah mei doosra sajda aur us se pehle baithna bhool diya, lekin dusri rak’ah ke rukoo se seedha khada hote waqt yaad aata hai, toh usay wapas baithna hoga aur sajda karna hoga. Phir wo apni namaz ko wahan se complete karega. Phir salam dega, sajda-e-sahw karega aur aakhir mei salam dega.

imission of Obligations
Agar kisi shakhs ne apni namaz ke wajibaat (farz k ilawa) mei se kisi wajib ko jaan boojh kar chhupa diya, toh uski namaz batal ho jaati hai. Agar wo bhool kar karey, aur apni namaz ke uss hisse se aage badhne se pehle yaad kar le, toh usay uss wajib ko poora kar lena chahiye aur us par kuch bhi nahi hai. Agar wo uss wajib ko apni namaz ke uss hisse se aage badhne ke baad yaad karey, lekin uss rukn tak na pohanchne ke pehle, toh usay wapas uss wajib ko poora karna hoga aur phir namaz ko complete karte hue salam dega, sajda-e-sahw karega aur phir salam dega. Agar wo uss wajib ko yaad karey jab wo apne namaz ke aage wale rukn tak pohanch chuka ho, toh wo wajib cancel ho jaata hai, usay wapas uss wajib ko poora nahi karna chahiye, balkeh apni namaz ko continue rakhe aur phir sajda-e-sahw karey aur salam de de.

Misal:
Agar kisi shakhs ne doosre sajde ke baad doosre rak’ah mei tashahhud bhool kar teesre rak’ah ke liye khada ho gaya ho, lekin usay khada hote waqt yaad aata hai, toh usay baithkar tashahhud poora karna hoga aur phir apni namaz ko complete karna hoga. Agar usay yaad aaye ke wo khada ho gaya hai lekin seedha khada nahi hua, toh usay baithkar tashahhud poora karna hoga. Agar usay yaad aaye ke wo seedha khada ho gaya hai, toh tashahhud cancel ho gaya hai, aur wo usse dobara nahi karega, bas apni namaz ko continue rakhega aur sajda-e-sahw karega, aur phir salam dega.

Iska proof yh hai jo al-Bukhari aur doosron ne Abdullah bin Buhaynah (رضي الله عنه) se riwayat kiya hai, jo kehte hain, Nabi ﷺ ne unhein Zuhr ki namaz padhayi. Wo pehle do rak'at ke baad khade ho gaye aur baithay nahi (pehle tashahhud ke liye). Toh log bhi unke saath khade ho gaye. Phir jab namaz ka ikhtitam hone wala tha aur log unke salam ka intezaar kar rahe thay, to unhone takbeer kaha baith kar aur do sajde kiye phir salam diya.

Shakk (Doubt) yeh hai ke insaan ko do cheezon me se kis cheez ke honay ka shak ho. Shakk ko ibadat ke mamlaat mei teen halat mei nazarandaz kiya jata hai:

1. Agar yeh sirf apni khayali ghalat fehmi ho, jaise ke shaitani waswasay.

2. Agar yeh shak itna zyada ho ke banda har ibadat ke dauran is ka shikar ho jata hai.

3. Agar yeh shak ibadat puri karne ke baad ho aur insaan ko is shak ka yaqeen na ho, to wo apni tasdeeq par amal karega.

Misal ke taur par, agar kisi ne Zuhr ki namaz ada ki aur baad mei shakk ho ke usne teen rak’at ki thi ya char, toh jab tak usko is shak par yaqeen na ho, wo is shak ko nazarandaz karega aur agar usay yeh yaqeen ho ke usne sirf teen rak’at ki hain, toh wo apni namaz poori karega, phir salam dega aur sajda-e-sahw karega.

Agar shak kisi aur waqt ho toh is par amal karna zaroori hai:

1. Agar ek shak ho aur insaan ke zehan mei ek taur ka shak zyada ho, toh wo uss shak ko apni namaz mei shamil karega, phir wo apni namaz poori karega, salam dega aur sajda-e-sahw karega.

Misal ke taur par agar kisi ne Zuhr ki namaz mei yeh shak kiya ke wo doosri rak’at mei hai ya teesri mei, agar uske zehen mei teesri rak’at hone ka zyada shak hai, toh wo teesri rak’at samajh kar apni namaz ko uss ke mutabiq poora karega, phir salam dega aur sajda-e-sahw karega.

2. Agar dono shak barabar ho, toh insaan apni tasdeeq par amal karega aur kam rak’at samajh kar apni namaz ko uss hisaab se poora karega, phir sajda-e-sahw karega aur salam dega.

Misal ke taur par agar kisi ko Asr ki namaz mei shak ho ke doosri rak’at mei hai ya teesri mei, aur dono shak barabar ho, toh wo doosri rak’at samajh kar namaz ko poora karega, phir sajda-e-sahw karega aur salam dega.

Agar shak ke baad clear ho jaye ke jo insaan ne faisla kiya wo sahi tha, toh phir sajda-e-sahw zaroori nahi hota, lekin ek aur riwayat ke mutabiq yeh sajda Satan ke liye izzat ki kami hai, is liye sajda-e-sahw karna zaroori hota hai.

Agar koi shak yeh ho ke imaam ne rukoo kiya tha ya nahi, toh:

1. Agar insaan ko yaqeen ho ke imaam ne rukoo se uthne se pehle rukoo kiya, toh usko uss rak’at ki tasdeeq karni hai aur faqat rukoo karna hoga.

2. Agar insaan ko yaqeen ho ke imaam rukoo se uth gaii thay, toh wo apni rak’at miss samajh kar usse poora karega.

3. Agar shak ho, toh jo shak zyada wazan rakhta ho, wo uss par amal karega aur namaz ko uss hisaab se poora karega, phir sajda-e-sahw karega aur salam degai.

Yeh sari baatein insaan ki tasdeeq par depend karte hain aur agar usko yakeen ho jaye ke usne apni namaz ko bilkul theek tariqe se ada kiya, toh phir sajda-e-sahw ki zarurat nahi.

Agar Imaam bhool jatay hai, toh jo unke peeche namaz parh rahe hain, un par bhi unki bhool ke liye sajda-e-sahw karna farz hai. Yeh is liye hai ke Nabi (ﷺ) ne farmaya, Imaam ko follow kiya jata hai, is liye usse mukhtalif na ho...  aur phir farmaya, ... jab wo sajda kare, toh tum bhi sajda karo. (Bukhari aur Muslim)

Toh agar Imaam sajda-e-sahw namaz ke salam se pehle ya baad mei kartay hai, toh jo unke peeche namaz parh rahe hain, un par bhi unke saath sajda-e-sahw karna farz hai. Magar jo shaks namaz mei der se shaamil hotay hai aur unse namaz ka koi hissa chhut gaya ho, unko Imaam ke saath sajda-e-sahw nahi karna chahiye, kyonki wo salam ke saath namaz ka hissa poora nahi kar saktay. Aise mei unko pehle apni chhuti hui rak’at ko poora karna hoga, phir salam dena hoga, aur phir sajda-e-sahw karna hoga, aur aakhri mei salam dena hoga.

Misal: Agar ek shakhs Imaam ke saath aakhri rak’at mei namaz mei shaamil hota hai aur Imaam ko salam ke baad sajda-e-sahw karna hai, toh jab Imaam salam de, toh wo shakhs apni chhuti hui rak’at ko poora karega aur Imaam ke saath sajda nahi karega. Jab wo apni rak’at poori kar lega aur salam dega, tab wo sajda-e-sahw karega.

Agar jo namaz parhne wala hai, wo khud bhool jaye aur usse namaz ka koi hissa chhuta na ho, toh uske liye sajda-e-sahw ki zarurat nahi hai, kyonki uska sajda Imaam se mukhtalif karna hoga aur namaz ki imamat mei khalal dalna hoga.

Misal: Agar ek shakhs namaz mei Imaam ke peeche tashahhud bhool jaye, lekin usne namaz ke kisi hissa ko nahi chhorha, toh usko sajda-e-sahw nahi karna hoga.

Lekin agar usne namaz ka koi hissa chhorh ho, toh usko uss hissa ko poora karna hoga, phir salam dena hoga, aur phir sajda-e-sahw karna hoga.

Misal: Agar ek shakhs Zuhr ki namaz Imaam ke saath parh raha ho aur Imaam chhatti rak’at ke liye khaday ho jaye, toh jo shakhs baithay hue sochta ho ke yeh akhri rak’at hai, jab Imaam ko khada hota dekhe, toh wo bhi khada ho jaye. Agar usne namaz ka koi hissa nahi chhorha toh usko sajda-e-sahw nahi karna hoga. Magar agar is se usne ek rak’at ya usse zyada chhorhi ho, toh usko apni chhuti hui rak’at ko poora karna hoga, phir salam dena hoga, aur phir sajda-e-sahw karna hoga.

Sajda-e-Sahw Ka Waqt: Sajda-e-sahw kabhi salam se pehle hota hai aur kabhi salam ke baad, aur yeh do halaton mei salam se pehle hota hai:

1. Agar kami ho: Jab Imaam pehle tashahhud bhool jaye aur unse namaz mei koi kami ki ho, toh unko pehle sajda-e-sahw karna hoga. Jaise Abdullaah ibn Buhaynah (رضي الله عنه) se riwayat hai ke Nabi (ﷺ) ne pehla tashahhud bhoolne par salam se pehle sajda-e-sahw kiya.
   
   

2. Agar shak ho: Agar namaz mei shak ho aur insaan ko yeh nahi pata ke wo kitni rak’at parh chuka hai (teen ya char), toh usse bhi salam dene se pehle sajda-e-sahw karna hoga. Jaise Aboo Sa’eed al-Khudree (رضي الله عنه) ki riwayat mei hai ke Nabi (ﷺ) ne aise shak ke liye salam se pehle sajda-e-sahw karne ka hukm diya tha.
   
   

Yeh sab riwayat aur rulings yeh dikhati hain ke sajda-e-sahw kabhi salam ke baad hota hai aur kabhi salam ke pehle, aur yeh is baat par depend karta hai ke bhool ka sabab kya tha.

Aur sajda-e-sahw salam ke baad kab kiya jata hai:

1. Agar namaz mei koi izafa ho:
   Abdullaah ibn Mas'ood (رضي الله عنه) ki riwayat ke mutabiq, jab Nabi (ﷺ) ne Zuhr ki namaz paanch rak'aat ke saath parhi thi, aur unhone salam dene ke baad yeh baat unse kahi gayi, toh unhone salam ke baad do sajday kiye. Yeh is baat ko sabit karta hai ke agar namaz mein izafa ho, toh sajda-e-sahw salam ke baad kiya jata hai. Chahe banda is izafa ka ilm salam dene se pehle rakhta ho ya baad mei.
   
   Iski ek aur misal yeh hai ke agar koi shakhs bhool ke namaz mei salam pehle de de aur phir yaad aaye, toh wo namaz ko mukammal karega aur phir salam dene ke baad sajda-e-sahw karega. Aboo Hurairah (رضي الله عنه) se riwayat hai ke Nabi (ﷺ) ne Zuhr ya Asr ki namaz mei do rak'aat ke baad salam de diya tha. Jab unko yeh bataya gaya, toh unhone namaz mukammal ki, salam diya, phir sajda-e-sahw kiya.
   
   

2. Agar bhoolne ke wajah se ho, jab do mei se ek baat zyada wazni ho:
   Abdullaah ibn Mas'ood (رضي الله عنه) ki riwayat ke mutabiq, Nabi (ﷺ) ne farmaya ke agar namaz mei bhool ho, toh insaan ko apni bhool ka sahi ilm hone ke liye koshish karni chahiye, phir usi ke mutabiq namaz mukammal karni chahiye, phir salam dena chahiye aur sajda-e-sahw karna chahiye.
   
   Agar ek shakhs ko bhoolne ke wajah se do halat ho, ek jisme sajda-e-sahw salam se pehle aur doosra jisme salam ke baad ho, toh ulama ka kehna hai ke sajda-e-sahw salam se pehle kiya jayega. Iski ek misal yeh hai ke agar koi shakhs Zuhr ki namaz mei pehle tashahhud bhool kar teesri rak'ah ke liye khada ho jaye, phir wo teesri rak'ah ko doosri samajh kar baith jaye aur phir yaad aaye ke yeh teesri rak'ah thi, toh usko khada hona hoga aur ek aur rak'ah parhni hogi, phir sajda-e-sahw karega aur salam dega. Is shakhs ne pehla tashahhud bhool diya tha, jo ke salam se pehle sajda-e-sahw ka sabab hai, aur teesri rak'ah mei baith gaya tha, jo ke salam ke baad sajda-e-sahw ka sabab hai. Toh is surat mei salam se pehle sajda-e-sahw farz hoga.

Dua:
Main Allah se dua karti hoon ke wo humein aur humare Musalmaan bhaiyon ko apni Kitab Quran Pak aur Rasul (ﷺ) ki Sunnah ko samajhne ki aur un par amal karne ki taufeeq de, chahe wo aqeedah ho, ibadat ho ya dealings ho. Aur ke Allah humein achi manzilon tak pohanchaye, waaqi mei wo sab se karam wala aur sab se fazil hai. Har tareef Allah ke liye hai, jo sare jahan ka malik hai, aur Allah humare Nabi Muhammad (ﷺ), unke asal followers aur unke saare Sahabah (رضي الله عنهم) par apni rehmat, barakat aur salam bheje. AMEEN!!!